Corneal Dystrophy

What is dystrophy?
The word "dystrophy" comes from Greek:

• "troph" = nourishment
• "dys" = improper, faulty

Dystrophy is a condition in which symptoms develop due to improper nourishment. In ophthalmology, this term is generally used for degenerative conditions, particularly in cases where the problem is congenital.

What is corneal dystrophy?
Corneal dystrophy is a bilateral condition, usually inherited or idiopathic (of unknown origin), that does not develop as a consequence of another ophthalmic or systemic disease.
It is presumed to be caused by a metabolic disorder affecting the cornea, which results in the deposition of lipids (mainly cholesterol crystals) in the cornea.

What symptoms does corneal dystrophy cause?
The most common symptom of corneal dystrophy is corneal opacity. This means grayish, sometimes glittering, spots appear on the dog's eye.

When does it develop?
Symptoms typically appear at 1-2 years of age. The deposit usually begins in the center of the cornea and is round or oval in shape.

How can I treat my dog?
Unfortunately, corneal dystrophy cannot be treated. Moreover, topical anti-inflammatory eye drops (steroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatories) may worsen the condition, as they can increase the growth of the opacity.

Possible treatment approaches:

• Low-fat diet – in some cases, this may reduce further lipid deposition in the cornea.
• Surgical intervention (keratectomy) – not recommended, because the deposit usually recurs after surgery.

Is it advisable to breed a dog like this?
Corneal dystrophy occurs more frequently in certain breeds:

• Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
• Airedale Terrier
• Beagle
• Rough Collie

The exact mechanism of inheritance is currently known only in the Siberian Husky breed. However, since it is presumed to be inherited in other breeds as well, it is not recommended to breed affected individuals.